Склaдні грaматичні трансформації в процесі перекладу з aнглійської мови на українську

Середа, А.В.

Grammatical transformations are an important component of translation, in the process of which the translator strives to achieve the maximum equivalence with the least losses. Translational transformation is a certain method of logical thinking, which is based on the equivalent semantic transformation of the original linguistic structure, provided that it differs from the dictionary form, but while preserving its functional influence. It is thanks to such transformations that the units of the original text are transferred to similar units in the translated text while preserving the initial semantic load. Transformations are considered dynamic ways of translation. They are used in cases where it is impossible to find an equivalent in the dictionary or its use in a certain contextual pattern is incorrect and may affect the adequacy of the translation. Also, transformations are divided into complex lexical-grammatical transformations, where transformations deal simultaneously with both lexical and grammatical units of the source text, as well as at the interlevel, where there is a complete transition from lexical to grammatical units of the language and vice versa. The application of translation transformations is based on the fact that the translated text conveys all the information contained in the original text as accurately as possible, in strict compliance with the norms. To overcome such difficulties, translators use various kinds of transformations – descriptive translation, transcoding, addition, permutation, as well as various types of substitutions are used to overcome difficulties at the lexical level. Regarding grammatical difficulties (lack of corresponding equivalent form, partial coincidence, discrepancy in the chаracter and use of the grammatical form), then in this case the division or combination of sentences and grammatical substitutions (part of the sentence, parts of speech, and word forms: number of the noun, mood of the verb, sentence type).

translation trаnsformations

grammatical substitutions

translation, equivalence

information

adequacy

difficulties

source text

грамaтичні заміни

переклад

еквівaлентність

інформація

адеквaтність

вихідний текст