Рівень освідченості українських громадян періоду хрущовської«відлиги» (1953-1964 рр.)

Abstract

У статті охарактеризовано рівень освіченості українських громадян у період хрущовської «відлиги» (1953-1964 рр.); проаналізовано чинники, що визначали порівняно низький рівень освіченості тогочасного українського суспільства; розглянуто політику радянської влади у системі освіти та результати її реалізації в Україні.

The article intends to characterize Ukrainian soviet citizens’ level of educational in the crucially important time for the Ukrainian society development named the Khrushchev Thaw period (1953-1964). Khrushchev’s period is marked by conducting social reforms in all society life spheres including education. While at the same time education was functioning in totalitarianism terms. The major problem of the period investigated was insufficient level of education development and comparatively low standard of Ukrainians’ education, which was due to the following factors: total decline in the business management system and ruination of sociocultural republic’s infrastructure as a result of the World War II, and consequently, poor material and technical basis, lack of suitable premises and others necessary for organizing and conducting educational process. Human losses due to military operations were numerous, which in turn caused deficit of highly qualified scientific and pedagogical specialists in the system of education. It should be noted that schools were remote from society, especially in rural areas, parents and children were indifferent to overcoming illiteracy and getting education, and most of Ukrainians were unable to get secondary education, let alone higher education because of inaccessibility of the former for definite categories of people on ideological grounds, poor material circumstances of Ukrainian families, etc. The author investigates factors mentioned above and describes the Soviets’ politics that made an attempt to solve problems existing in the education, and analyses results of the mentioned politics implementation.